By Nancy Penrose

Moving a tree from one spot to another is more complex than simply digging it up and replanting it elsewhere. Transplanting requires careful planning, precise technique, and a great deal of patience. Whether you're relocating a tree for landscaping purposes, preparing for a building project, or trying to provide better growing conditions, the method you use is just as important as the timing.

When done correctly, transplanting can give a tree the opportunity to thrive for decades. When done improperly, it can cause severe stress or even kill the tree. To ensure your success, here are the key do’s and don’ts of tree transplanting.

✅ DO: Move Trees While They're Dormant

The ideal time to transplant most trees is during their dormant season—usually late fall through winter. When a tree isn’t actively growing above ground, it experiences less shock from being moved. Dormancy allows roots to begin adapting before new growth begins in spring.

Tip: For evergreens, early spring is typically a better time, since they are more susceptible to dehydration during the colder months.

❌ DON’T: Transplant in the Heat of Summer

Avoid transplanting trees during hot, dry weather—especially in the middle of summer. The stress from high temperatures, dry soil, and root disturbance can easily overwhelm the tree. Summer transplants are at a much higher risk of failure unless you’re prepared to water constantly and involve professionals.

✅ DO: Choose the New Site Carefully

Before you dig, select a suitable new location for the tree. Make sure the spot offers:

• The right amount of sunlight for the species
• Good drainage
• Adequate room for the tree’s future height and spread
• A safe distance from structures, hardscaping, and utilities

Placing a tree in an unsuitable location can lead to long-term issues like root interference, excessive pruning, or having to move the tree again.

❌ DON’T: Plant at the Wrong Depth

Planting depth is one of the most common mistakes. The tree’s root flare—where the trunk begins to widen at its base—should sit just above ground level after planting.

• Too deep: Can suffocate roots and encourage decay
• Too shallow: Exposes roots, leaving them vulnerable to drying out

Always dig a hole 1–2 times wider than the root ball, but only as deep as the root ball itself.

✅ DO: Preserve the Root Ball

When digging up the tree, retain as much of the root ball as possible. As a general rule:

• For every 1 inch of trunk diameter, maintain 10–12 inches of root ball radius

Use clean, sharp tools to cut roots, and try to keep the root ball together—especially for older or larger trees. Wrap it in burlap if needed to prevent breakage during transport.

❌ DON’T: Let Roots Dry Out

Once you’ve dug up the tree, time is of the essence. Exposing the roots to the elements can cause them to dry out and die quickly. If you can’t plant immediately:

• Keep the root ball moist
• Store the tree in the shade
• Cover exposed roots with a tarp or burlap

✅ DO: Water Regularly and Deeply

Water is the most important factor in helping a transplanted tree adapt. After planting, give the tree a thorough soaking to remove air pockets and settle the soil. A good rule: use 1 gallon of water per inch of trunk diameter per day—delivered via slow drip.

Suggested watering schedule:

• Daily during the first growing season
• 2–3 times per week the second season
• As needed in the third year, especially during hot or dry periods

Even trees known for drought resistance need consistent moisture early on.

❌ DON’T: Overwater or Let Soil Stay Soggy

Too much water can be as harmful as too little. Constantly wet soil can lead to root rot—particularly in clay-heavy or poorly draining areas.

To check moisture:

• Insert a finger 2–3 inches into the soil
• If it’s dry, water the tree
• If it’s still moist, wait before watering again

Mulch can help conserve moisture—just don’t overdo it.

✅ DO: Apply Mulch the Right Way

Spread 2–4 inches of mulch around the base of the tree to retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate temperature. But don’t pile it up around the trunk. The mulch should:

• Be kept 3–6 inches away from the trunk
• Extend outward toward the edge of the root zone

❌ DON’T: Fertilize Immediately After Transplanting

Although it’s tempting to feed your tree right away, it’s best to wait. Fertilizers can push the tree to produce new leaves before its root system is ready, causing additional stress.

Hold off on fertilizing until the tree has completed at least one full growing season. When you do fertilize, opt for a slow-release formula.

✅ DO: Stake When Needed—Then Remove Stakes Promptly

For tall or top-heavy trees, staking may help keep them upright while they settle. Use soft ties that won’t damage the bark, and avoid securing the tree too tightly.

Most importantly, remove the stakes after one growing season to allow the tree to build natural strength and avoid trunk girdling.

Final Thoughts

Tree transplanting is both a science and an art. By following these guidelines, you give your tree the best chance to thrive in its new home. Remember that trees are resilient, but they need time and the right care to recover from a move. With patience and attention, your transplanted tree can flourish and look like it’s always belonged in its new spot.

Nancy Penrose is the owner of Big Trees Inc., a leading tree nursery serving the Seattle area from its location in Snohomish.